The Agents of Erosion

The process known as weathering breaks up rocks so that they can be carried away by the process known as erosion. Water, wind, ice, and waves are the agents of erosion that wear away at the surface of the Earth. Water Erosion Water is the most important erosional agent and erodes most commonly as running water in streams. However, water in all its forms is erosional. Raindrops (especially in dry environments) create splash erosion that moves tiny particles of soil. Water collecting on the surface of the soil collects as it moves towards tiny rivulets and streams and creates sheet erosion. In streams, water is a very powerful erosional agent. The faster water moves in streams the larger objects it can pick up and transport. This is known as critical erosion velocity. Fine sand can be moved by streams flowing as slowly as three-quarters of a mile per hour. Streams erode their banks in three different ways: 1) the hydraulic action of the water itself moves the sediments, 2) water acts to corrode sediments by removing ions and dissolving them, and 3) particles in the water strike bedrock and erode it. The water of streams can erode in three different places: 1) lateral erosion erodes the sediment on the sides of the stream channel, 2) down cutting erodes the stream bed deeper, and 3) headward erosion erodes the channel upslope. Wind Erosion Erosion by wind is known as aeolian (or eolian) erosion (named after Aeolus, the Greek god of winds) and occurs almost always in deserts. Aeolian erosion of sand in the desert is partially responsible for the formation of sand dunes. The power of the wind erodes rock and sand. Ice Erosion The erosive power of moving ice is actually a bit greater than the power of water but since water is much more common, it is responsible for a greater amount of erosion on the earths surface. Glaciers can perform erosive functions - they pluck and abrade. Plucking takes place by water entering cracks under the glacier, freezing, and breaking off pieces of rock that are then transported by the glacier. Abrasion cuts into the rock under the glacier, scooping rock up like a bulldozer and smoothing and polishing the rock surface. Wave Erosion Waves in oceans and other large bodies of water produce coastal erosion. The power of oceanic waves is awesome, large storm waves can produce 2000 pounds of pressure per square foot. The pure energy of waves along with the chemical content of the water is what erodes the rock of the coastline. Erosion of sand is much easier for the waves and sometimes, theres an annual cycle where sand is removed from a beach during one season, only to be returned by waves in another.

How Of Effectively Use Color On Business Proposals Essay

How to Effectively Use Color in Business Proposals Ian Lauder By Ian Lauder Nov 7, 2011 There is much more to selecting a title page cover design than simply grabbing any design off the shelf. You have to consider the end result you want and the message you are trying to convey. Why are colors so important? Proper use of color will help shape and reinforce your message. First, from a marketing perspective, the objective of a proposal is to sell something: a product, a service, a project, your worthiness for funding, etc. Although we like to believe we are logical in our decision making, the truth is that emotions play a significant factor. Colors help shape the emotional component of your message. The colors a reader sees immediately trigger a subliminal nervous system response and create a specific feeling. Second, colors capture the reader s attention and set up a path for the reader s eye to follow. Our brains are not wired to immediately see and understand the words on a page. Our brains first see colors and shapes; the last thing our brains do is actually make sense of the words. This is why we use eye-catching visuals in our packaging. It s also why the first page of your proposal (the title page cover) should always be eye-catching. You get better results when you capture a reader s attention with color. Third, after you have created a feeling and captured the reader s attention, you want to keep that attention. Proper use of color dramatically increases theShow MoreRelatedInternship Reflection : Summer Internships1402 Words   |  6 Pagesintern during the school year, the summer could be a great option for me. During this summer break I interned at a network company called Incurator.com. I participated in the redesign of the company’s main website user interface, took part in the proposal discussion on redesigning of the company s logo  (though the logo hasn’t been redone by the end). At the same time, I had completed the design and mockup for company’s new project (online massage reservation website) independently. Because it isRead MoreNew Furniture And Decor : Strategic Integration Through Information Technology Prepared Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesof Information Systems. They determined that it was time to analyze the critical business processes at Stately and to implement an integrated information system. In exchange for brand loyalty, clients hope secondary quality, focused pricing, What s more, auspicious conveyance. To uphold prominent standards, SFD is Exceptionally specific. The point when it goes on obtaining crude materials. Those company’s business sector segments incorporate palaces, households, hotels What s more legislatureRead MoreSurveillance Techniques1375 Words   |  6 PagesWith the primary concern being that of illegal immigrants in flowing into, and residing within the city of Centervale, the following proposal will prove strategic as it will bring to light material regarding what is revered today as the most successful surveillance techniques available. The surveillance techniques of which will be proposed in this memo can be used for vehicle tracking, cell phone tracking, email, background checks, and computer surveillance techniques. While immigration issues tendRead MoreCross-Cultural Differences Between Doing Business in France and China2094 Words   |  9 Pageslimit. Some cross-cultural differences will not disappear so easily and managers will have to understand and appreciate these cultural ‘oddities if they wish to run a successful business. 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Lastly, our work is important not only for furthering the needs of the organization itself, but also for the residents of the community whose health would be positively affectedRead MoreDeveloping a Coaching Culture at Weatherford International3482 Words   |  14 Pagesfollowing is a proposal for developing a coaching culture that will teach senior leaders and managers to be leader/coaches. Developing a Coaching Culture at Weatherford International This benchmark proposal for developing a coaching culture is a result of a need to build a credible business initiative at Weatherford International that will connect quintessential business outcomes and individual and group performance with essential organizational operations. Fundamentally, this proposal illustratesRead MoreOptimizing Millennials Communication Styles8016 Words   |  33 PagesStates. Stereotypical views of millennials characterize them as technologically sophisticated multitaskers, capable of significant contributions to tomorrow’s organizations, yet deficient in communication skills. This article offers insights for business educators to help millennials understand the influence of communication styles when optimizing communication effectiveness. Developing style-typing and style-flexing skills can serve as building blocks for millennials’ subsequent interpersonal skillRead MoreEssay about Request for Proposals26340 Words   |  106 PagesREQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR INFORMATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT SERVICES (ISAS) RFP NUMBER: 427.04-107-08 CONTENTS SECTION 1 2 3 4 5 INTRODUCTION RFP SCHEDULE OF EVENTS PROPOSAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CONTRACTING INFORMATION PROPOSAL EVALUATION CONTRACT AWARD RFP ATTACHMENTS: 6.1 Pro Forma Contract Contract Attachment A: Attestation Re Personnel Used in Contract Performance Contract Attachment B: Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Contract Attachment C: HIPPA Business Associate Agreement

Meiosis Free Essays

Adam, a man carries millions of biological processes within him. One of these is the production of sperm cells. Everyday his body produces millions of sperm cells through the process of meiosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Meiosis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Adam’s sperm cells are produced from a single parent cell through two stages of cell division. From a single parent cell, four haploid daughter cells are produced which contains half the chromosome of the parent cell. Adam feels nothing of these things going on in her testes. Eve, a woman, also carries millions of biological processes within her. One of these is the production of egg cells in her ovary. She produces a certain number of egg cells through the process of meiosis. Eve feels the presence of egg cells and changes her body temperature in response. Eve’s egg cell also comes from a single parent cell through two stages of cell division. She follows a cycle of egg production in an average of 30 days. Her ovary produces egg cells until the egg cells become ripe. When fertilization does not occur, the egg cells are thrown away by Eve’s body as a form of monthly periodic discharge. Meiosis then produces another set of egg cells for the next cycle. When Adam’s sperm cell and Eve’s egg cell meet, a process known as fertilization occurs. The half chromosome carried by each, combine to form full fertilized egg with a complete chromosomes. Cells from the fertilized egg grow more cells through another form of cell division called mitosis. This growing fertilized egg from the combined chromosome of Adam and Eve then produces a new human being. References: Access Excellence: The National Health Museum Resource Center. Meiosis. Retrieved December 3, 2006 from   http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/meiosis.html How to cite Meiosis, Essay examples

The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs free essay sample

Avianus and Caxton tell different stories of a goose that lays a golden egg, where other versions have a hen, as in Townsend: A cottager and his wife had a Hen that laid a golden egg every day. They supposed that the Hen must contain a great lump of gold in its inside, and in order to get the gold they killed it. Having done so, they found to their surprise that the Hen differed in no respect from their other hens. The foolish pair, thus hoping to become rich all at once, deprived themselves of the gain of which they were assured day by day. In early tellings, there is sometimes a commentary warning against greed rather than a pithy moral. This is so in Jean de La Fontaines fable of La Poule aux oeufs dor (Fables V. 13), which begins with the sentiment that Greed loses all by striving all to gain and comments at the end that the story can be applied to those who become poor by trying to outreach themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is only later that the morals most often quoted today began to appear. These are Greed oft o’er reaches itself (Joseph Jacobs, 1894) and Much wants more and loses all (Samuel Croxall, 1722). It is notable also that these are stories told of a goose rather than a hen. The English idiom, sometimes shortened to Killing the golden goose, derives from this fable. It is generally used of a short-sighted action that destroys the profitability of an asset. Caxtons version of the story has the gooses owner demand that it lay two eggs a day; when it replied that it could not, the owner killed it. The same lesson is taught by Ignacy Krasickis fable of The Farmer: A farmer, bent on doubling the profits from his land, Proceeded to set his soil a two-harvest demand. Too intent thus on profit, harm himself he must needs: Instead of corn, he now reaps corn-cockle and weeds. There is another variant on the story, recorded by Syntipas ([[Perry Index 58) and appearing in Roger LEstranges 1692 telling as A Woman and a Fat Hen (Fable 87): A good Woman had a Hen that laid her every day an Egg. Now she fansy’d to her self, that upon a larger Allowance of Corn, this Hen might be brought in time to lay twice a day. She try’d the Experiment; but the Hen grew fat upon’t, and gave quite over laying. His comment on this is that we should set Bounds to our Desires, and content our selves when we are well, for fear of losing what we had. Another of Aesops fables with the moral of wanting more and losing everything is The Dog and the Bone. The majority of illustrations of The Goose that laid the Golden Eggs picture the farmer despairing after discovering that he has killed the goose to no purpose. This was one of several fables applied to political issues by the American illustrator Thomas Nast. In this case his picture of the baffled farmer, advised by a Communistic Statesman, referred to the rail strike of 1877 and appeared in Harpers Weekly for March 16, 1878. Captioned Always killing the goose that lays the golden eggs, the farmer stands for the politically driven union members. His wife and children sorrow in the background.

Review of Related Literature Essay Example

Review of Related Literature Essay REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review of the literature for this study focuses on procedures used to identify teaching and learning styles and what effect a match between the two has on student learning outcomes and evaluation of instructors. The review focuses on a number of different instruments used to identify teaching and learning styles. The chapter begins with a definition of learning styles, teaching styles, and matching, followed by the findings of researchers using various instruments to measure learning and teaching styles. The research outcomes germane to learning styles, teaching styles, and a match between the two in relation to course grades, final exam scores, and instructor evaluations are discussed. Related Literature Computerized Enrollment Sytem This proposal also tells us how automation and computer software greatly accelerate human technological processes and advancement. A software development and IT service firm implemented its catalyst in Governor Andres Pascual College was integrated web platform to provide content management, transaction processing, marketing and interactive community functions to the two rice schools. The content management tools of the Jones school staff edits update or add to the volume of curriculum and event information without calling for technical assistance. It simply cut and paste document into the content management system for consisting and publish to the web in the school. The study focuses on creating computerize inventory system for the Jones school. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND THE STUDY This chapter presents the different literature and studies that are related and relevant to this research. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This chapter also tells us how automation and computer software greatly accelerate human technological processes and advancement. Foreign Literature India’s higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and United State. The main governing body at tertiary level is the University Grants Commission. Which enforces its standards, advises the government, and help coordinate between the center and the state? Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission. As of 2009, India has 2 central university 215 state universities, 100 deemed universities, 5 institutions established and functioning under the state act, and 13 institutes which are of national importance. Other institutions include 16000 colleges, including 1800 exclusive women’s colleges, functioning under these universities and institutions. A software development and IT service firm implemented its catalyst in Governor Andres Pascual College was integrated web platform to provide content management, transaction processing, marketing and interactive community functions to the two rice schools. Catalyst  delivers on the Jones Schools two primary criteria for selecting web-based platform simplifying content management, and enabling user’s response to information such as event RSVP and course registration. The content management tools let the Jones school staff edits update or add to the volume of curriculum and event information without calling for technical assistance. They simply cut and paste document into the content management system audit for consisting and publish to the web. The schools diverse audiences, which include MBAs executive Mb As executive education participants, and alumni, now receive prompt notifications of news

Circe essays

Circe essays Goddess, Sorceress, Witch, Enchantress Circe, the beautiful, but evil enchantress, the daughter of Helios and Perse, granddaughter of the ocean, and sister of a wizard. Circe lives on an island where she lures strangers into her power so that she can turn them into swine. On her island Aeaea, located off the western and eastern coast of Italy where strangers would be tricked into going to her house by the power of Circes singing. When the strangers would get to Circes house she would drug them and use them for slaves. Because of Circes evil doings, she is punished at night. Her house walls and chambers would be covered in blood, while fire would destroy her magic herbs. Circe was always glad to see daylight again. Circe would use daylight to bathe and clean herself, forgetting the awful night visions. Not only was Circe able to move the woods, but also make the ground shake, and the trees around her turn white. The powerful witch, Circe uses praying, herbs, and muttering, to control the sky, and to destroy her enemies. Circe is said to have been surrounded by many different types of beasts which cannot be seen anywhere else. Some say that the beasts were actually the drugged victims of Circe. Also, that Circe has hair that resembles flames from a fire. Many strangers visited Circe, but one particular struck Circes interest. It was Odysseus and his crew. Odysseus and his crew had been taken care of by Circe, she fed them, and gave them a place to stay and sleep. Very soon after Circe got to know Odysseus and his crew she turned them into swine by putting controlling drugs in their drinks. Except, the drug did not affect Odysseus, Odysseus, had taken a pill that a man gave him before he went i nto Circes house. The pill was to reject the drugs that Circe put in his drink. Even thought the pill rejected Circes drugs, she still seduced Odysseus a few weeks later. Now Circe and Odysseus have a girl n...

Data Storage, memory allocations and communications in use in Assignment

Data Storage, memory allocations and communications in use in computing systems - Assignment Example Assume that you want to store 100GB of data onto the free space that you have on your hard drive. If data is uploaded to your machine via a phone line with a rate of 28,400 bps, how long would it take to fill the available storage space? Use one of the many sites available on the Internet to investigate the speed of your personal Internet connection. With that speed, how long would it take to store/upload that data? Does it make a difference what kind of files you are transferring (text, images, video)? If so, estimate the range of time it may take to fill up your hard drive. How many cells can be in a computer's main memory if each cell's address can be represented by two hexadecimal digits? What if four hexadecimal digits are used? Explain your answer. Suppose three values (x, y, and z) are stored in a machine's memory. Describe the sequence of events (loading registers from memory, saving values in memory, and so on) that lead to the computation of x + y + z. How about (2x) + y? Suppose a communication line is being used to transmit data serially at 14,400 bps. If a burst of interference lasts .01 second, how many data bits would be affected?

LASA 1.The S'No Risk Program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LASA 1.The S'No Risk Program - Case Study Example Prior to the S’no Risk Program, there was a traditional sale held in the fall season wherein a 10% discount was offered (Bell, 1994). Eventually, the program took hold and a combination of factors including a surge in the snowfall and customers being enticed by the relative lack of risk meant that sales grew, and distributors were pleased to carry Toro products, even leading to cases of depleted inventories. The program lasted one year and then an evaluation was conducted, and the recourse offered by the insurance company called for an adjusted premium of â€Å"around 8% of sales for the coming year† (Bell, 1994, 3). This is approximately a four-fold increase from the previous annual period, and so it may be quite alarming. The reason for the rate hike however, is apparently due to the fact that American Home offered too cheap a rate initially. In this case, Susan conduct an independent study that analyzed the historical data, with regard to payouts as proscribed by the S’no Risk Program, and realized that in 1983, there would have been payouts of approximately 19% of sales (Bell, 1994, 3). With this information in mind, it makes sense that the insurance firm would want a higher rate, as the trend for payouts was higher than the low premium offered in the first year of the program. Another cause for the increased premium in the following year may have been due to the increasing total number of snow equipment components sold from 81/82 to 82/83 (Exhibit 1). The customer viewed the advertisement and was able to see immediately that there was a chance at varying rates of snowfall for a savings, and in some cases an absolute refund with the prospect of also keeping the Toro machine from the purchase. In essence, the consumer would be receiving something for nothing, and obviously they are the benefactors and Toro loses out in this scenario. Rather than offering different tiers of savings, I would suggest that it would be more simple to offering one large refund if the snowfall was below some threshold. This would be easier from an administrative standpoint, and if the consumers would still be drawn to purchase from such a modified program, the payouts would likely be minimized, which would be a favorable outcome for the income balance sheet of Toro. The S’no Risk Program executed in 1983 was a success, but it should be understood that Toro had several factors that were aligned in their favour. Their objective was accomplished of increasing sales, which allowed them to improve the year-to-year standing of their company, as well as afford the relatively low insurance premium, which also was a positive for the insurance company. As stated in the case, in the seasons leading up to the creation of the program, there was a plummet in the average snowfall, which meant that the market for snow equipment was in retreat. Toro needed an initiative that would jump start consumers and boost the sales of the company, and the pos sibility of an arrangement with Home Assurance was a welcome idea, even though it was not absolutely risk-free. If the insurance rate were higher, as it was recommended that it should have been, then the net sales generated off the snow equipment, less the payouts would have been less justified. This assumption would be further supported if the related premiums were to increase for the next yearly period. Likewise, if there was little snowfall at all not only would the payouts drastically increase, but it raises the doubts if many would purchase a piece

Dietary(Nutritional) recommendations for Hypothyroidism (Underactive Essay

Dietary(Nutritional) recommendations for Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid Gland) - Essay Example Both deficiency and excess of iodine are bad. Excess intake in a patient with underlying thyroid disease can cause full-blown thyroid dysfunction. 1.1mg daily iodine intake is recommended (Leung cited in Ede 2012). Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone synthetically manufactured. It is used in patients with hypothyroidism. But, food-drug interactions are very important here because certain foods can decrease its absorption in the biological system. Soy flour, calcium juices or supplements, and dietary fiber can decrease absorption of levothyroxine. So after taking this thyroid hormone, these foods should be avoided for several hours. But, fasting is prohibited because prolonged fasting state can drastically increase thyroid hormone levels (Wickham 2013). Levothyroxine can also impair absorption of hypoglycemic drugs, so blood glucose levels should be carefully monitored (NLM 2009). For hypothyroidism, iodine supplements are mostly unnecessary since the introduction of iodized salt and f ood fortification unless one is living in a poverty-stricken or severely underdeveloped region. Though iodine supplements may still be required in some cases, levothyroxine is usually considered sufficient for safe treatment of hypothyroidism (Nippoldt 2012). Messina, M & Redmond, G 2006, ‘Effects of soy protein and soybean isoflavones on thyroid function in healthy adults and hypothyroid patients: a review of the relevant literature’, Thyroid, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 249-58. Nippoldt, TB 2012, ‘Can iodine supplements help regulate thyroid function in a person with hypothyroidism?’, viewed 12 May 2014,

Introduction To Kentucky Fried Chicken Business Essay

Introduction To Kentucky Fried Chicken Business Essay This report discusses ethical dilemma such as overcrowded environment, cruelty in slaughterhouse and trashing the Amazon rainforest of KFC and their suppliers and evaluation using moral standards such as Utilitarianism theory and theory of rights and moral duties with recommendations on how these dilemmas may be avoided or solved. 1.0 Introduction to Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Corporation Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was found in Louisville; it is the worlds most widespread chicken restaurant chain which offers services to more than 12 million clients in 109 nations all over the world. Kentucky Fried Chicken operates more than 5,200 restaurants in the US and more than 15,000 restaurants all over the world. KFC was introduced by Harland Sanders in the early 1930s. Sanders began preparing and serving food for hungry travellers who pass through by his service station in Corbin, Kentucky, United States. Sanders did not own a bistro, but he used to serve travellers on his own dining table in the living quarters section of his service station. He expanded his business by 1964, as time passes he franchised more than 600 chicken restaurants in all over United States and Canada. Consumers around the world enjoy more than 300 other items from KGF (Kentucky Grilled Chicken) in the US and a salmon sandwich in Japan. KFC then merged with  Yum Brands in1997 when that enterprise w as acquired from PepsiCo as Tricon world-wide restaurants Inc (KFC, 2012).C:UsersHPDesktopkfc-logo.jpg 2.0 Ethical Dilemmas An Ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often engages an apparent mental confrontation between moral imperatives, in which to comply one would outcome in transgressing another (PETA, 2004). Few years back KFC faced questions from NGO such as Greenpeace and The people for treatment of Animals (PETA) regarding unethical activities by KFCs suppliers for chicken such as Cargrill and Pilgrims Prid. KFC was suspect for its role in the decimation of the Amazon rainforest and their ill-treatment towards chicken in poultry farm by PETA (PETA, 2004; Greenpeace, 2006). GREENPEACE Perspective Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that works towards changing attitudes and behaviours of others and to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. Another unethical issue of KFC was raised by Greenpeace for their link in destruction of the Amazon Rainforest. In 2006 Greenpeace came up about the mass deforestation in Amazon rainforest caused by KFC (Greenpeace, 2006).   2.1 Dilemma 3: Trashing the Amazon rainforest According to Greenpeace, KFC is fuelling the destruction of Amazon by selling cheap chicken fen on soya grown land. Greenpeace investigation clearly shows that large area of rainforest is being destroyed by direct sales of cheap soya by KFCs supplier Cargill, in order to sell billions of  chickens products to its consumers at low cost. The KFC demand of soya fed for its chicken to their supplier Cargill has done this unethical activity, which is affecting the global climate. Rainforest that covered a huge part of earths land area has reduced due to deforestation, which clearly shows very high impact of business operations. Greenpeace wants Cargill and KFC to make that animal feeds they buy do not contribute to destruction of Amazon (Greenpeace, 2006).C:UsersHPDesktopkfcbanner.jpg PETA Perspective People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the large animal rights organization. They have more than 3 million supporters and members. In 2004, PETA revealed the results of an investigation which was done into a KFCs suppliers poultry farm in Moorefield, West Virginia; that supplier is known as Pilgrims Pride (PP). PP is second largest processor of chickens in US. PETA revealed that each year probably more than 1 billion chickens got tortured and killed in the poultry farms. The overcrowded environment, cruelty combined with frustrated workers and lack of  ethical operation processes led to improper acts in KFCs supplying slaughterhouse (PETA, 2004). PETA came up with several ethical dilemmas of KFC from which two are explained in this report. 2.1 Dilemma 1: Overcrowded farm environment PETA revealed that in PPs farm, chickens are stuffed in overcrowded sheds where they can hardly find space to move; in the result chicken hurts each other. To save space and avoid chicken hurting it selves and others, the employees cut of off chicken beaks with hot blade with giving it any kind of painkillers. Overcrowding and horrible acts by employees in the farms cause painful ammonia burns on the poor chickens. The main shocking thing is injured chickens receive no treatment and they have to bear the pain throughout their life (PETA, 2004).C:UsersHPDesktopimage-182167-galleryV9-ztnf.jpg 2.2 Dilemma 2: Cruelty in the slaughter house Another case PETA revealed was about the cruelty in the slaughter house. The chickens get slaughtered before they are five weeks old. At the slaughter house, poor chickens are hanging upside down and then employees transferred it through conveyor belts to the killing room fully consciously. At a time many chickens are dumped from the crates to the fast moving conveyor belt that cause chicken at the bottom to get suffocated. Due to unable to manage the huge amount of chickens, the workers in slaughter house threw away chickens, slamming them to walls or floors. Furthermore, during the processing of removing feathers, the live chickens are thrown into scalding hot water which is such a horrible and painful act (PETA, 2004).C:UsersHPDesktopChickenSlaughter.jpg 2.4 Stockholders Analysis Stockholder KFC is one of the brands of Yum brands, which have been conducting their businesses in all over the world. The acts practiced by the KFC and its suppliers have an impact on the stockholders. If an enterprise fails to solve these dilemmas, the enterprise would be responsible for missing out to take advantage of opportunities in future. The investment of the stockholders would be at high risk it the enterprise closes down (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). . Customers Customers expect KFC to serve the best quality and good prices of their products. KFC has many fans all around the world and they expect KFC to grow more and serve them with better products. From research we have noticed that suppliers for KFC have been breeding chicken unhygienic, they give them drugs that can have a negative impact on the consumers health. KFC must investigate about their suppliers breeding and their process so that the quality of chickens is maintained (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). Suppliers KFC has many suppliers from which Pilgrims Pride supplies them the huge amount of chicken and those chickens then go for further process and then to be served into KFC restaurants all around the globe. KFC must convey proper steps and methods to evaluate suppliers and their material as suppliers affect the overall operation of KFC. Furthermore Suppliers must focus on their improvement because if KFC is affected; they would be affected too, as KFC is the main buyer of chicken for suppliers (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). Media Mass media is also affected as most of the protest made all around the world especially by non-government organizations was made from the help of media. Media made organization business firms and even people to be more aware about their and others activities, and show the difference between right and wrong. Through information gained from media, people have changed their decision and demonstrated their activities against the KFC (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). Non-Government Organization (NGO) NGO such as PETA and Greenpeace are likely to be influenced by the suppliers poor acts for chicken handling by the employees in slaughterhouse. PETA revealed these dilemmas to make people aware about the operations of KFCs supplier called Pilgrims Pride and PETA also mentioned some corrective act that can improve the life of chicken. Furthermore Green Peace organization also made the entire world aware about the Cargill for soya fed for chicken, which was highly responsible for Amazon rainforest deforestation (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). 3.0 Evaluation using Moral Standards Evaluation for these dilemmas is done based on two moral standards which are: Utilitarianism Rights and Duties 3.1 Utilitarianism Utilitarianism states actions are right proportion as they tend to promote happiness and wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Utilitarianism theory says that the benefit should be more than costs. Here are the two options for KFC with their benefits and costs. OPTION 1: Continuation of Unethical Farm Benefits Costs Present Decreasing Operating cost for KFC as less storage cost is occupied by overcrowded chickens. As operating cost decreases profit margin increases for KFC. As profit margin increases stockholders satisfaction increases. Legal actions can be taken against KFC by government and non-government organisations. Example the action taken by PETA and Greenpeace. By having unethical operations, negative brand image are created. Customers can boycott KFC for its animal abuse. Stakeholders are affected seriously in several ways such as stockholder is at high risk for their investment. Future As stockholders satisfaction increases, it attracts more investors to invest in KFCs corporation. Due to high investment, KFC can actually expand their business. Due to customers boycott towards KFCs products can decrease profit margin. By having unethical operations, KFC can be closed in future. By performing unethical operations, it can affect investors decision who wants to invest in KFC. Employees are at high risk of losing their jobs if KFC get shutdown. It also increases Corporate Social Responsibilities for KFC OPTION 2: Ethical Farm Benefits Costs Present Stakeholders satisfaction increases as they are conducting their business ethically. It motivates employees to be ethical in working environment. Brand image are created as KFCs performing ethically. More customers are attracted towards KFCs product because of their ethical operations. Increasing in Non-government organisations satisfaction due to their ethical activities. Increase in production cost by operating ethically. Selling price would be high as there is high production cost. High selling price will decrease customers demand. Future As customers are attracted to by KFCs product, it increases profit margin for them. As profit margin increases, return on investment by stockholders also increases. It attracts more investors and lenders to invest in KFC, as this organisation is earning more profit and rate of return on investment is high. Employees satisfaction increases as the organisation is profitable due to which they can earn bonuses and expect an increase in their salaries. It also improves competitive advantage. It can reduce profit margin as there low demand for their product. Evaluation based on utilitarianism theory As utilitarianism theory says that benefits should be more than cost. KFC must operate ethical farm as the benefits are more than the cost. If they operate unethical farm, the costs would be higher than the benefits. 3.2 Rights and Duties Moral Rights and duties state that all human being are permitted/empowered to do something or are entitled to have something done for them. These rights create duties of others towards an individual. In the case of KFC, it is a duty of KFC to consider the impact of their operations on others; such as the impact on their stakeholders who are getting affected by KFCs unethical operations. Furthermore it is not only the right of Human being to live as they want, animals also have these rights. They also want to be treated properly but cannot fight for their rights thats why we have non-government organisation who fight for animals right such as in KFCs case, PETA is fighting for animals right. It is a duty of KFC to operate according to PETAs animal ACT and laws. Furthermore KFC is not only harming animals but also community and environment by trashing the Amazon rainforest. Its a duty of KFC to be socially responsible for their acts towards environment, local community and their surroundings. 4.0 Recommendation with Justification KFCs supplier such as PP must focus more on preventing animal abuse rather than frustrating their employees. KFC should survey suppliers slaughterhouse regularly to make sure they are following the ethical practices recommended by PETA regarding Controlled Atmosphere Killing. Justification: Controlled Atmosphere Killing will help the birds to have a painless death. Hence, this act will act will take care of cruelty and pain given to birds. 5.0 Conclusion After conducting a wide research on these dilemmas we have learned that PETA and Greenpeace have a fair view about these issues. We have also learn that stakeholders are on high risk by KFCs unethical activities which is not so well either for stakeholders nor for company itself. KFC must change the way they conduct their businesses and they must have a ful knowledge about their workers, environment, community, customers, suppliers and so on.

My Philosophy Statement Essays -- Progressivism Teaching Education Ess

My Philosophy Statement Education is a very important aspect of our lives. It is our education that makes us who we are and determines what we become. Therefore, education is not something to be taken lightly. As a teacher, my goal will be to provide the best possible education for my students. Every student is unique. I must see students for who they are individually and respect their ideas and opinions. Each student has a different learning style. I must take this into consideration because I want to provide a constructive learning opportunity for every student. I believe that every student has the potential to learn. My philosophy at this point is progressivism. William James and John Dewey are accredited for developing the characteristically American philosophy that is progressivism. Progressivism relies on the theory that the student should be the focal point. By adjusting the curriculum and teaching techniques to reflect the student’s needs and interests, the teacher is encouraging the student’s desire to learn. Another theory of progressivism is that of a democratic system. Students will fare better in life if they are exposed to the ideas and cultures of different ethnicities and personalities early. By encouraging group work, instead of solo work that will lead to competitions, the students will be more open minded and will be better prepared for the diverse world. A branch of progressivism is logic and it is one that the students will come to know by the progressivist ideal that what is learned in the classroom has relevance to the real world. Progressivists believe that education should mirror life. Education often uses past experiences to gain more knowledge, much like life. Therefore, e... ...book. The teaching methods used in a progressivism classroom supports the idea of problem-based learning wherein the students are required to develop original solutions to existing or potential societal problems. Together with the teacher and classmates, students are given the opportunity to speculate and question the world around them and the world awaiting them. Within small peer groups, for instance, students are encouraged to discuss, share and compromise. The teacher is there to encourage this process rather than to provide prescribed solutions. Similarly, the learning environment is collaborative and democratic, giving opportunity for all to speak their minds and receive feedback from peers as well as the teacher. This continuous loop of feedback, potentially positive or negative, serves as the means of assessment for problem-solving based instruction.

Individual Rights Vs. National Security Essay

I negate the resolution, â€Å"Resolved: When the United States is engaged in military conflict, national security ought to supercede conflicting claims of individual rights. My value for the round is Human Dignity, or what can be defined as a respect for the individual and his or her rights and virtues. John Stuart Mill states that â€Å"Everyone who receive the protection of society owes a return for the benefit†¦ but not to the point that it violates constituted rights.† Thus those rights which are the fundamentals of human dignity must be maintained. No fundamental goal should ever undermine this fundamental goal. The criteria which must consistently achieve is the maintenance of a legitimate government, or a govt. that maximizes the rights of its citizens My sole contention proves that a government’s legitimacy is contingent upon its preservation of individual rights. According to Charles Ogletree, Professor of Law at Harvard University, â€Å"The U.S. has not been a fertile breeding ground for terrorism†¦ diversity, religious and ethnic tolerance, a reliance on legal proceedings open to public scrutiny†¦ are all values make it hard to nurture in the U.S. the ethnic or religious hatred that fuels much terrorism.† Unfortunately, sacrificing such virtues for temporary security would undermine these values. The impact is clear, that a removal of individual rights, such as freedom of speech or freedom of press, would uproot key American ideals and neglect the value of the individual within the United States. . The government would no longer protect the foundation upon with it was built, and such actions would illegitimatize the government. As reported by Susan Stanberg, political analyst for National Public Radio, â€Å"Muslim communities throughout Florida have placed complains in the FBI’s strategy in placing undercover agents in mosques to find our terrorists.† This type of drastic action has also been taken up by new laws that grant police powers to search people travelling on public transportation without notifying them of their right to refuse the search and without sufficient evidence or suspicion; a severe incursion on the right to privacy. Police acknowledge this fact, stating that they have nothing else to go on. This impact is that investigations based upon ethnicity encourage citizens to do the same thing. This arouses xenophobia and hostility towards foreign groups of American society. Secondly,  Prioritizing national security gives the govt. license to violate human worth in 3 ways: i. Dictating life choices – relocating people/Japanese internment camps ii. Dictating moral choices – whether to fight in war (draft) iii. Actually taking liberty and property – violating the rights of innocents in war/taking prisoners of war. The impact is that denying worth w/in borders is wrong because it defeats the purpose you’re fighting for, and denying worth outside of borders is wrong b/c it’s hypocritical. The government no longer serves its role as a protector of the people, but rather a big brother like institute that dictates to its people their own moral codes. Finally, security loses its worth if not accompanied by rights. Benjamin Franklin states that â€Å"Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither liberty or safety† Without Liberty, Security is purposeless. The entire purpose of national security is to protect the American way of life and what our nation stands for. Thus, if upholding national security comes at the cost of sacrificing those rights that it is fighting to protect, it does nothing but erode the very purpose for its existence and become a self-defeating pursuit. OVERVIEW: I offer an overview against the affirmative case. In order for the affirmative to affirm, (s)he has to prove three things. Firstly, that security is able to be achieves, secondly, why there is an imperative need to sacrifice individual rights, and thirdly, (s)he must address all instances and types of military conflicts. Failure to do any of these things means that (s)he is upholding her burden as the affirmative. (s)he doesn’t prove this because: 1) (s)he assumes that she will be able to provide for national security, however, there is no guarantee for this safety. We might have implement heavier security measures in airports, but our chemical factories are just as vulnerable as they used to be. 2) (s)he just discusses the possible benefits that come from prioritizing national security, (s)he doesn’t show how it is fundamental. Just because  national security is important, doesn’t mean that it is absolute. The benefits achieved on the affirmative, such as unification, maintenance of sovereignty, still exist on the negative side. (s)he isn’t showing why we have to sacrifice our rights. Moreover, benefits don’t determine fundamentality. Just because we might be able to hunt down an extra terrorist or two, doesn’t mean that random lock downs and strip searches will win the war on terror or that an inability to do so will lose us the war on terror. 3) All of the affirmative arguments premised on the relative size of the conflict, but a military conflict does not assume a small or large proximity. Most conflicts such as the Persian Gulf are entirely within the United States ability as a superpower to control through alternative methods than violation individual rights. So this argument does not determine the fundamentality of prioritizing national security above individual rights.

Legalization of drungs misc essays

Legalization of drungs misc essays The legalization of drugs has always been a problem in the United States. Some people agree with the Idea of legalizing drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and many others. These people argue that with the legalization of these drugs the crime rate and other social problems would reduce. While their opponent argue that the legalization of drugs would only add to the already high crime rates, and many social problems we have in the United States. Both sides both have very good arguments as to why drugs should or should not be legalized in the United States. The battle between the government date back as early as the year 1914. This is the year in which the government passed the Harrison Narcotic act. This act asked for the punishment of those who were illegally in possession and use of marijuana. Penalties for the sale, and or, possession of illegal drugs were established by the Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965. Surprisingly enough, through all of these drug laws, marijuana remained legal until 1970. Even though most drugs were now illegal in the Untied States, more than fourteen million Americans used drugs at least once a month in the late 1980s. What would be some of the benefits from the legalization of drugs? Well, for the actual user there would be numerous benefits from the legalization of such drugs as marijuana. First would be the price of the drugs. Drug costs would dramatically decrease by ninety percent if they were made legal. Also the availability of them would increase. Heroine, at one time was close to becoming legal, would have been available at any corner market, and even treated like aspirin without any restrictions. Along with the benefits, comes the obvious dangers that would rise from the legalization of drugs. One of the first considerations that comes to a persons mind when thinking of the possible dangers drugs is the thought of children being able to obtain marijuana, and...

Kmart and Sears Merger †Summary and Analysis

Kmart and Sears Merger – Summary and Analysis Free Online Research Papers The acquisition of Sears Roebuck Co, cost to Kmart Holding Corporation $ 11 billion (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 211, 2008). This merger occurred for economical reasons. This merger will benefit both companies in different ways separately and as Sears Holding Company. Kmart will benefit from the planned cost sharing of several of Sears leading proprietary brands as well as present opportunities to capture significant revenue and cost synergies including merchandise and non-merchandise purchasing, distribution and other SGA expenses. Sears will be out of malls, and will benefit from Kmart’ stores locations which are in the high-income customer target of Sears. Moving out off malls means that Sears will sell some of it real estates which will bring money to the company. According to Edward S. Lampert, former chairman of Kmart and new chairman of SCH, the goal were to seek to leverage the combined strengths of Sears and Kmart to obtain greater long-term value either could have generated on a stand-alone basis. SHC will offer a wide variety of products and combining both their strong brands such as Kmart’s brands; Martha Stewart Home and Sears’s brands like Kenmore, Craftsman and Die Hard, they will compete among others. Combining two forces (even in our case where we have two weak companies) increase their merged companys market presence. Choosing from previous companies the best human resources, information technology, operations, finance, strategy lead them to a stronger organization. ¹ Based in all the above SHC will become the third largest retailer in the United States with $ 55 billion in annual revenues and 2,350 full-line and off mall stores and 1,100 specialty retail stores in the USA. Higher market shares often result in greater purchasing power over suppliers. Increased orders result in lower purchase prices for materials and services, allowing the company to be more price competitive. ² The issues SHC will face are internal and external such as organizational culture, organizational structure, organization identity, competition, trained staff, customer’s loyalty and SHC store’s design. Organizational culture is a system of shared values (what is important) and beliefs (how things work) that shape a company’s people, organizational structures and control systems to produce behavioral norms (the way we do things around here) (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 309, 2008). In merger there will be employees from Kmart and Sears which will share different organizational culture. And according to an AT Kearney research study; in mergers the more powerful partner imposes his culture on the less powerful one. The key to a strategic merger is to create a new organizational culture for SHC. First they need to see what the organizational culture before merger is. They can do this through an OCI which provides a picture of an organization’s operating culture in terms of the behaviors that members believe are expected or implicitly required. By guiding the way in which members approach their work and interact with one another, these â€Å"behavioral norms† determine the organization’s capacity to solve problems, adapt to change, and perform effectively.  ³ First alternative is that they can conduct a separate OCI for Kmart and Sears’s employees and decide which the best organizational culture is and apply it. The advantage is that this will not be time consuming since one part is already used to this organizational culture, the disadvantage is that there will be resistance from the employee’s of the other company since they will see this not as SHC culture but as Sears or Kmart culture (depending on which of the two company’s culture will be chosen) and they will not be willing to share common values and beliefs of another company. The other alternative which I think is the best solution is to cross results from both Kmart and Sears and take the best elements from both companies. The advantage here is that the employees will see this as SHC culture and will share these values. The new SHC culture will encourage individual identification with the organization and its new objectives (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 309, 2008). This is important because people should start to cooperate; they are not competitors, not anymore. Organizational structure refers to the formalized patterns of interactions that link a firm’s tasks, technologies and people. Structures help to ensure that resources are used effectively in accomplishing an organization’s mission (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 340, 2008). Since SHC is a new company there should be applied a new structure. I think the best structure in this case is a Matrix structure. Since SHC will operate under at least six different formats and since there were past problems related to the organization’s identity and image, the Matrix structure will keep them in contact and through continuous communication between the ‘’directors of stores’’ they can manage to combine their changes and so keep uniform corporate image and identity. The advantages of this structure are that it: Increases market responsiveness through collaboration and synergies among professional colleagues, allow more efficient utilization of resources, improves flexibility, coordination and communication, increases professional development through a broader range of responsibility. The disadvantages are that: the dual-reporting relationship can result in uncertainty regarding accountability, intense power struggles may lead to increased levels of conflict, working relationships may be more complicated and human resources duplicated and excessive reliance on group processes and teamwork may impede timely decision making (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 350, 2008). Even after the merger both companies will continue to operate separately under their respective names. And as I mentioned above this is not the right thing to do, because there should not be anymore Kmart or Sears. The quicker they manage to change their previous identity into Sears Holding Company, the better. Buyers need to see that this merger brought changes and the reason they were not preferred from them, are being improved into this new company. As longer they continue to act as Kmart as Sears the more difficult will be for them to be seen as SHC. They need to have ‘’one’’ identity and show improvements and finally get some attention, people must perceive SHC as a new company but which still have the good quality (their brand names are preferred from the clients) and low prices and which continue to improve; they cant effort anymore to be seen as ‘’second hand’’ store. Kmart was placed as a discount store and Sears as a department store. SHC must be placed as a discount store since department stores are not longer liked from customers. Before the merger Kmart was competing against a low-price Wal-mart and a high-style Target and Sears against Home Depot and Lowe. Also as SHC they have to compete against Kmart and Sears as they was and change the way people sees them, and through their past experience try to not make the same mistakes and improve their products. Now as SHC they have to decide against whom they want to compete. Who is more important? They definitely can’t compete against Wal-Mart which is from several years the largest US Corporation. The best move is to compete against Target and Lowe’s who are more easily to compete. They can take advantage of the good allocation of Kmart stores in key urban and high density suburban markets with high-income customers and far from these 2 competitors. They also can fill areas that are overlooked from the others. There are 3 types of competitive advantage: overall cost leadership, which is based on creating low-cost position, which means that SHC must also be able to manage the relationship throughout the value chain and lower costs throughout the entire chain. (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 156, 2008) The advantage here is that SHC will increase sales but due to cut costs in operating expenses the companies operations will become weaker, and if they offer low prices means they will compete directly with Wal-mart which is a leader in low-prices, and SHC can’t afford such direct competition with them. Then there is differentiation which means that SHC must launch in the market products there are unique and valued, and the price is not an issue since because of the high quality customers will pay more. The disadvantages here are that: SHC a merger company of Kmart and Sears can not be easily perceived by customers as a high-quality company and the high prices they will offer will push the customers away. And there is a focus strategy where the company can gain competitive advantage through a combination of low cost and differentiation. This I think is the best strategy since they can compete through their strong brand such as Martha Stewart, Kenmore, Craftsman and Die Hard, which are perceived very well from customers, against Target which is known for the high-style provided, and with low-cost they can compete against Lowe’s. They need also to attract more brands. Both companies had problems with human resources. SHC must recruit talented people-employees at all levels with the proper sets of skills and capabilities coupled with the right values and attitudes. Such skills and attitudes must be continually developed, strengthened and reinforced and each employee must be motivated and his efforts focused on the organization’s goals and objectives (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 119, 2008). They need to find and train people who are identified with company’s mission and values, and whom trying to achieve their personal goals, achieve also the company’s goals. There will be also lay-offs which SHC need to manage well. Because there will be people affected by this and the biggest mistake companies do is that they focus in the fired people and how to make them feel better through compensations or explanations of the style ‘’ you are a good manager, is not your fault’’ and forget that they should focus in the remaining employees which is their primary resource. The remaining people will be demotivated because of the large number of firings and think they can be next, so this process is crucible; CEO must talk to them, tell them the truth about the situation, explain them the reasons why they fired their colleagues, motivate them and show them that SHC counts on them and that they are part of the merge process which will be a difficult one and there will be a lot of stress. SHC need to keep the remaining staff motivated in order to share the same vision and mission of the company. The most important part of the remaining employees is the former high level managers, who probably will loose their previous positions and need to work in lower positions. So, this is the part there could resist more to the changes and maybe the part where the attention of SHC should be concentrated. Another issue to be solved for SHC is customers. SHC should focus primarily on them and then in profit maximization, which will come if they are able to fill the customer’s need for good quality, competitive prices, service, time and possibility to easily reach them. Marketing should try to anticipate needs and has customer satisfaction as its primary goal. They need to do surveys to see how people perceived them as Kmart and Sears and what they are expecting from SHC. The design of their stores is keeping customers away because they see the stores as old, not attractive and with a cheap design. SHC stores are what people see in first place, and in order for someone to enter the store they need to redesign its ambient. From the internal design people will see that there are being changes in SHC, and this will help SHC being separated from the previous Kmart and Sears. To conclude SHC should do post merger monitoring, and if there are needed additional changes to enhance results do them. References:  ¹  ² investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/drive_stock_price.asp  ³ humansynergistics.com/products/oci.aspx Research Papers on Kmart and Sears Merger - Summary and AnalysisAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasHip-Hop is ArtAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 155

Discussion - Essay Example As echoed in history, the president while at the University wrote vast books that talked about race relations after Random House awarded him a contract. Later on, he directed the Illinois Project Vote, which saw a large turnout of the blacks. Further, the rise of the powerful yet social President took the center stage that accentuated him to power. Indeed, Obama is a professional and socially intelligent leader. Leaders are often thought to guide and influence the lives of the others in a positive way (Larson & Paulino, 2014). The incumbent president of the US demonstrates the features of a real leader. He is not only professional but also socially acknowledge throughout the world. For instance, he is familiar with the latest greeting style that he shares with the youths in Jamaica at the University of the West Indies Kingston. In addition, from his early life, Obama demonstrated his professional and social capacities by influencing and organizing the residents of Altgeld Gardens to fight for their rights. Additionally, this noble characteristic featured when he led the Illinois Project Vote that influenced a massive voter turnout. Further, it is evident from his first election as the president of Harvard Law School where he could demonstrate that can deliver despite being a black among the whites. Therefore, the president reveals strong professional and social characteristics that embody h im as a true leader and intelligent

CHS200 - Critical Thinking - Module 4 Case Assignment - Fallacies Coursework

CHS200 - Critical Thinking - Module 4 Case Assignment - Fallacies - Coursework Example All these features are evident in the fallacy of affirming the consequent that also incorporates a certain degree of assumption. Although Dr. Russell is new in the profession, Harold’s claims that he favors the new procedure do not suggest that he actually favors the procedure. Moreover, the place where Dr. Russell’s studied from as well as his claims should not influence the effectiveness of the new procedure. Hence, Harold’s irrelevant appeal to consequences is faulty. In responding to Harold, I employed fallacist’s fallacy. The response uses fallacist’s fallacy because it concludes that the truth value in Harold’s argument is false based on the premise that his argument contains a fallacy (Holt, 2006). Even though, Harold may be true in claiming that Dr. Russell favors the new procedure as effective, this is not evidence that Dr. Russell actually favors the new

Single mothers and children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Single mothers and children - Essay Example The homeless women and their families are exposed to deplorable living standards that sometimes may be described as inhumane and unworthy of human habitation. Polakow, in her book, succinctly captures this view when she says that, â€Å"This necessitates the decoding of our own myths of democracy and enlightened progress as one out of four infants, one out of five children, and one out of four single mothers already live in destitution, and as thousands more stand on the edge of a landscape that condemns, like young Oliver Twists, to their proper stations† (Polakow, 1994, pp. 3-4). The question that then presents itself is; why single mothers and children? The population of homeless women continues to rise every year, particularly the number of single homeless women. Many scholars have been quick to point out that the rising numbers of homeless single women represents the feminization of poverty across the globe (Rosenheck, Bassuk, and Salomon, 2010, p. 1). Many of the exceptionally destitute women have limited, job skills, earning power and education, and are beleaguered by childcare duties. In families where the woman is the head of the family, it is quite common to find that they are poorer than two-parent families because of the existence of a single income and the cost of bringing up a child. These facts only serve to prove that poor women do not have a chance in the contemporary labor market, which is primarily planned to support two-parent families with male breadwinners (Rosenheck, Bassuk, & Salomon, 2010, p.1). This leaves the single mother with no option but to seek additional income, failure of which results in the inabilit y to provide. This ultimately has the effect of forcing such women to seek accommodations in shelters resulting to an increase in the number of homeless people. The increasing numbers of homeless children may be directed attributed to child abandonment either by parents who cannot be able to provide for their needs, or by death

Japanese product Essay Example for Free

Japanese product Essay Historically, it would one impossible to conduct a discussion on the issue of American interest in the culture and society of Japan without mentioning World War Two. The conflict between the two nations during the 1940s forever linked each other as the landscape of the culture of modern Japan and the modern United States were shaped from the outcome of World War Two. In that regard, the histories of the two nations are forever interlocked. While one would assume that such an interlocking fusion would yield a negative, the reality is that the two countries eventually opened each others minds in terms of accepting each other. Granted, there are still obstacles present to understanding each other, but the acceptance and understanding between the two culture have been advanced do to eventual infusion of Japanese pop culture entertainment into the American conscious. Unfortunately, not all presentations of Japanese culture are presented with a clear understanding of the basics of Japanese societal structure. Any attempt to understand the Japanese must begin with their version of what it means to take ones proper station. Their reliance upon order and hierarchy and our faith in freedom and equality are poles apart and it is hard for us to give hierarchy its just due as a possible social mechanism. Japans confidence in hierarchy is basic in her whole notion of mans relation to his fellow man and of mans relation to the State and it is only by describing some of their national institutions like the family, the State, religious and economic life that it is possible for us to understand their view of life. (Benedict) A significant reason that Japanese culture has been embraced by those in the west centers on the fact that many people are exposed to Japanese pop culture when they are very young. The operative point here is that what people are exposed to are the more pop driven forms of Japanese entertainment. It is not the classics of Japanese cinema that helps to define a consciousness in the eyes of the public. Most people are not familiar with classic films such as YOJIMBO or GATE OF HELL of KWAIDAN. What people become familiar with are the various anime films, manga periodicals, etc. This is not because the public looks for lowbrow entertainment as much anime and manga output from Japan is very sophisticated in the storytelling techniques that are explored. Much of the reason that these forms of Japanese entertainment are so popular is that they utilize genres that â€Å"travel† well. In other words, regardless of which culture produces a horror comic, an action-adventure film, a sci-fi fantasy, very little is changed in terms of the way those types of genres are constructed. A comedy, however, centers far too much on a specific culture understanding of a particular humor to be effective. Since much of the output from Japan that reaches the United States borrows from genres that â€Å"travel† well, the ability for the American public to accept the Japanese product is maximized. (Actually, it is further maximized in light of the quality level of the writing that helps hook audiences) This does not mean, however, that there is a cohesion of understanding of the Japanese culture by the American audiences mainly because much of the homegrown American entertainment that uses Japan as a backdrop generally offers a very stereotyped image of Japanese society designed to be ‘swallowed’ by an American audience that has very limited knowledge of the actual culture. This can be viewed in such films as LOST IN TRANSLATION and the landmark film (in terms of providing a skewed insight into Japanese culture) BLACK RAIN. This is not to say that the purpose of BLACK RAIN was to present an inaccurate depiction of Japanese people. What the purpose of BLACK RAIN was, on a deeper level, was to provide a complicated scenario for the Michael Douglas character to overcome the obstacles in his way in order to achieve his goal of capturing the villain. The obstacles in BLACK RAIN, however, are fairly insurmountable: he is a stranger in a strange land who has difficulty functioning on his own and is forced to put his stubbornness and his prejudices aside so that he can bond with a Japanese police officer in order to achieve his objective. The character that Michael Douglas plays, however, is a complicated corrupt loner who is his own worst enemy. He is distrustful and keeps people at arms length. By being forced to accept help from these people who he has nothing in common with, he is able to ultimately grow as a person. Like the character Michael Douglas plays, Japanese culture is ripe with complexity. The culture is different and the way people interact with each other in Japan is far different that the way people interact with each other in the United States. While BLACK RAIN does shows these differences, it does not go beyond the surface value of the differences to provide a more complex side of the Japanese. As such, the Japanese characters often appear one dimensional and border on stereotypes.

Gender Inequality in the Workplace

Gender Inequality in the Workplace An ultimate matter of social scientists has been why women continue to lag behind in men salary, promotion and authority. Gender inequalities in the labour market have received considerable attention by researchers over the past twenty years. Since the colonial period, Mauritius has been regarded as a patriarchy society with a high rate of marriage. Overwhelming evidence suggests that gender segregation exists in more occupational categories and the number of women segregation is greater than the number of male segregation. Gender socialization is one of the factors responsible for the reinforcement of gender inequality since childhood. The society continues to transmit the traditional gender roles to the individual through the various agencies of socialization. The different institutions of socialisation play an integral part in shaping the adulthood of an individual. Since childhood, women learn to be submissive and men authoritarian. Furthermore, wage gap, organizational power and employment opportunities have narrowed somewhat but disparities remain in the country. According to the gender statistics in 2011, it has been found that a lesser proportion of men in employment and for female activity rate it was 43.7% against 75.5% for men. Even though women are higher than men in terms of population, they are still at the disadvantage of the corporate ladder. Despite many law Acts against discriminations; many workers are faced with sex discrimination which affects them in the labour market. Studies in Mauritius on the labour market have laid more emphasis on gender equality rather than gender inequality. Therefore, this study will aid to shed light on the other side of the coin where occupational gender segregation is discussed. Aim of the study: The study aim to analyse gender inequality within the workplace of Mauritius. Objectives of the study: To find out how gender socialization process reinforces gender inequality. To analyse how sex discrimination affect workers. To discuss the different components of gender segregation. To identify which gender is more prone towards inequality at the workplace. Gender inequality and occupational segregation Gender can be identified as set roles, and behaviour patterns that differentiate women from men in socially, culturally and relations of power (Women Information Centre, 2005). However, radical feminism sees patriarchal roots as creating inequality between men and women. Radical feminism views patriarchy as separating rights, privileges and power principally by gender, and as a consequence oppressing women and privileging men. In general, radical feminist disagree against political and social institutions for the reason that they are closely linked to oppression. As a result, radical feminism is likely to be convinced that political activities support cultural change that promotes patriarchy. Radical feminism is against patriarchy, not men. To compare radical feminism to man-hating is to presume that patriarchy and men are inseparable. Anker (1997) distinguished two main explanations for why occupational gender segregation should is a continuing concern: first, it is a major foundation of labor market inflexibility and economic incompetency. Second, it is detrimental to women in the sense that segregation brings about harmful views of both men and women as a result, affecting womens status, income, education, skills (Anker 1997). The important outcome related with occupational gender segregation is the segregation of the payment methods and the continual sex discrepancy in earnings with women on the inferior edge. The proportion of the gender wage gap is to 5 to 40 percent attached to workplace segregation is seemingly advanced than the amount by career break 15 percent and equivalent worth wage upgrading 5 percent. Theories of gender inequality There are two types of segregation: horizontal segregation, which occurs when there is a concentration of women and men in a determined fields and occupations, and produces disparity in terms of career, pension and vertical segregation, which take place when there is a focus of women and men in determined degrees and levels of responsibility or positions, and produces disparity on salaries. Theories explaining the existence of occupational segregation by gender can be categorized into three broad groups: the neoclassical and human capital theories, institutional and labour market segmentation theories, and non-economic and gender theories. The neoclassical human capital model Neoclassical economics believes that workers and employers are normal and that labour markets function efficiently. The neoclassical economic view explains occupational segregation between individuals or groups by different human capital investment, or by different choices in the tradeoff between pecuniary and non pecuniary job rewards. According to the human capital theory, men are paid more than women because men usually have more human capital. The term human capital refers to qualities of individuals that employers consider useful, like level of education and years of experience. Females are considered to have a lesser experience than males due to careers break up in effect of motherhood. Some economists who support this theory put forward that womens are not dedicated towards their jobs and hence, they have to undergo through a series of difficulties. For example, they have less chance to have a permanent job, be promoted to superior and better paid occupation. In this model, wage gender inequality is maintained because men collect more human capital in the competitive free market. But opponent of this theory like Witz (1993) contends that even when female work constantly with no professional rupture, they still terminate in inferior and poor-grade employments. Institutional and labour market segmentation theories The initial point of Institutional and labour market segmentation theories is the notion that institutions, such as unions and large enterprises, join in determining who is employed, fired and promoted, and how much employees are paid. Institutional theories are also based on the belief that labour markets are divisional in certain ways. The famous institutional theory is the dual labour market approach. Dual labour market theory consists of two labour markets. The primary labour market consists of high wage, job security and better chance for promotion. The secondary labour market includes lower paid occupation with little job security and poor working condition. According to this theory, women earn less than men because they are disproportionately employed in secondary labour market. Dual labour market is the outcome of the strategies used by company boss to get hold to the varieties of workforce they necessitate. Companies are ready to propose superior rewards to retain primary sector workers. It is somewhat a short step to become accustomed to the model of dual labour markets to occupational segregation by gender, with one labour market segment consisting in female professions and the other in male occupations. This segmentation entails moderately low wage rates in female occupations because many women workers are overcrowded into a small number of female occupations. On the other side of the coin, male occupations, benefit from reduced competition within a broad set of occupations and, consequently, tend to enjoy relatively high wage rates. If females, but not males, are crowded into low earnings jobs only due to discrimination, then the gender composition of a job becomes an index of labour quality for males and, to a small degree, for females (Hansen and Wahlberg 2000). On the other hand, Veronica Beechey in 1986, identified some limitations of this theory, firstly, certain women in blue-collar employment are given low salary even if their occupation is alike to primary area males employment. In addition, this model cannot clarify the reasons why women are less promoted than men, even when employment in same occupation. Gender theories The central image of the gender theories is that womens disadvantaged status in the labour market is mainly due and is an evidence of patriarchy as well as females subordinate position in the society and in the family. In many societies, men are regarded as the sole breadwinner and women are accountable for household chores and child care. Anker (1997) explains, this division of responsibilities and male domination are vital for influencing females to accumulate less fewer human capital in contrast with men prior the labour workforce. That is, why girls receive less education than boys, and is less likely to pursue fields of study such as sciences, but is more talented for literature or languages study. The same influences are also instrumental in explaining why women acquire less labour market experience, on average, because many of them withdraw from the labour force earlier, and many others have discontinuous labour experiences. This theory further show how female occupations mirror common stereotypical roles. For example, womens caring nature, skill and experience in household work, greater manual dexterity, greater honesty and attractiveness can qualify her for occupations such as nurses, doctors, social worker, teacher, maid, housekeeper, cleaner, etc. while womens lesser physical strength, lesser ability in math and science, and lesser willingness to face danger can disqualify her for occupations such as engineer, mathematician, driller, miner and construction worker. Gender socialisation as a medium for encouraging gender inequality Crespi (2003) see socialisation as a logical route with its objective to construct gender personality. The gender socialization process is a further composition of socialization. It is all about the way children of different sexual categories are socialized into their gender roles and learn what male or female character is. According to many sociologists, there exists difference between sex and gender. Sex is the biological classification and gender is the outcome of social construction of separate roles of males and females. According to Lorber (2005), masculinity and femininity is not inborn that is children are taught these traits. As soon as a child is identified as being a male or female, everybody start treating him or her as such. Children learn to move in gendered ways through the support of his environment. As the child grows up, he develops his identity, know how to interact with others and learn the role to play in the society. There are many drivers involved in the socialization process which transmits the traditional gender role to the children and henceforth leading to occupational segregation later on. One set of gender socialization occur between parents and the offspring. Parents are considered to be the primary agency in the process of socialization. They are inclined to interact with boys and girls in discrete styles. For example, a one year old baby is considered to have no sex difference however; parents are likely to act with boys and girls in dissimilar ways. They react to boys, when they seek interest by being aggressive and girls when they use gestures. As such interaction have long term effect on girls and boys communication styles, leading boys to more assertive styles and girls with more emotive styles in adulthood. This communication styles can aid to inequalities between male and female in the workplace. Male tend to be dominant in terms of authority and women submissive in whatever status they hold in the organisation. Ann Oakley (1972), studies mention four central avenues in which socialization into femininity and masculinity roles occur. Firstly, apply diverse physical and verbal manipulations to the child. For example, dress up children according to their sex, girls in pink and boys in blue color clothes. Secondly, draw the child concentration towards gender-identified toys. This is known as canalization whereby, boys and girls are given certain toys, clothing and other objects often culturally identified more with one gender than the other. The games of the boys tend to advance physical interest whereas for the girls it leads to physical closeness and mother-child talk. Thirdly, employ different verbal explanations to similar behavior. In professional careers, women might find that they might are identified with different standards for the same behavior, being called assertive, for example, for behavior at work that in men is admired for being aggressive. In childhood it is the same case, a boy is cheered for being active, where as a girl is reprimanded for being too rough. Or a girl is complimented for being gentle, but a boy is criticized for not being competitive enough. Finally, encourage or discourages certain stereotypical gender-identified activities. For example, girls are asked to help mother with sewing, cooking, ironing, and the like. Boys are to help dad to do yard work, shovel snow, takeout the trash, and so on. The classification of girls with indoor domestic chores and boys with outdoor chores becomes training for stereotypical gender roles. According to Oakley (1972), the socialization route aid to the preservation of male domination and female subservience. The roles learn through the above process shape adult behaviour and hence, contribute to the reproduction of differences in behavior of males and females. School is the agency where conscious socialization happens. The education system is the main part of gender socialisation process. Looking through books from the very beginning gender stereotypes is present and reinforced. The small kids see women being represented in pictures in their books as with babies in their hands or women in domestic chores or at the high end women nurses, women teachers. At the same moment, men are usually soldiers, playing some prestigious physical games and leaders. These images often direct to further divisions between man and woman. The hidden curriculum is known for reinforcing the traditional model of how girls and boys look and act through the use of course material. For example, teachers strengthen gender roles by encouraging boys and girls to develop different skills. According to Thorne (1993), children also split themselves along gender lines in the lunch room, declaring different space of the playground and often sanction individuals who go against gender roles. The school location can be strong context for gender behaviors. For example, the cafeteria is a strong context where boys and girls separate tables if given choice. Likewise, on the playground, boy and girl groups take over spaces. The children of Different World project found that in societies where all the boys and girls go to school together, identical gender interaction was very high during free play, thereby follow-on in more gender segregation than was generally found in homes and neighborhoods. Generally the mass media are one of the most influential instruments of gender socialization because television, magazines, radio, newspapers, video games, movies, and the Internet are present in almost everywhere around the globe. As a social institution, the mass media reinforce traditional gender roles. Magazines pointing towards females bring light to the importance of physical appearance as well as finding, pleasing, and keeping a man. While boys and mens magazines focus on significance of physical appearance, financial success, competitive hobbies, and attracting women for sexual encounter. These supposed masculine and feminine characteristics and behaviors are reinforced across the media system, from video games and movies that show athletic heroes rescuing thin and busty damsels in distress, to television programs that depict women as housewives, nurses, and secretaries and men as lawyers, doctors, and corporate tycoons. Print media also play an important role in socialization. In childrens literature, for example, boys typically are the protagonists, who use strength and intelligence to overcome an obstacle. Girls are included in stories as being naturally passive followers of the male leader or helpers eager to support the male protagonist in his plan. This state of affairs is undergoing change, however. An increasing number of television shows, movies and books have crafted new visions of masculinity and femininity. It remains to be seen if these images take hold and affect gender socialization processes. Gender inequality in the local context Mauritius is a remote small open island economy. In geological time, it is a very young island, which emerged from waves of volcanic eruptions in the Indian Ocean over the last eight million years. A high degree of concentration and interpenetration of finance, agro industrial and merchant characterizes the economic structure of the country. The structure of formal employment consists of deep gender imbalance against women. The Economic and Social Indicators (ESI) on gender statistics represents women and men in the Republic of Mauritius. In 2011, Mauritius ranked 63rd out of 146 countries compared to 2008 it was ranked 46th out of 138 countries according to the Gender Inequality Index of the UN. Before 1950s it has been found that women were in fewer number than men in Mauritius. However, the female population has been growing rapidly such that in the 50s there were almost equal numbers of men and women. As from 1990, women have been increasingly outnumbering men over the years. The sex ratio in the population, declined from 100.2 in 1972 to 97.3 in 2010 and it is expected to decrease further to reach 95.8 in 2050. In 2011, it has been found that a lesser proportion of women than men of working age (16 years and above) were active, that is, in employment or looking for work. The economic activity rate for women was 43.7% against 75.5% for men. The active population stood at 582,800 with 363,600 men and 219,200 women compared to 2010, women was 43% compared to 76% for men, the active population stood at 581,300 with 362,400 men and 218,900 women.Men and women have a similar pattern of economic activity during their life that is less active at the younger and older age groups. The activity rates for both are highest in the age group 30 to 45 years. Some 191,800 women held a job in 2011 and accounted for 35.7% of the Mauritian employed population. It has been found that female employees were more qualified than male, with 22% holding a tertiary qualification against 17% for men. There were an almost equal proportion of working men and women having a School Certificate but 7.4% women had a Higher School Certificate compared to 5% for men. Both men and women had a high proportion of their working population in the tertiary sector (covering trade, hotels restaurants, transport and other service industries), 68% for men and 57% for women. The secondary sector (covering manufacturing, electricity water and construction) accounted for one third of the working men and one quarter of the working women. While women represented some 40% of the employment in the manufacturing sector, they comprised less than 1% of the construction industry. Women were more likely than men to be employees, with 85% of the employed female in that employment status compared to 78% among the men. They were also much less likely than men to head their own business; while 21% of working men were employers or own accounts workers, only some 11% of women held that status. On average an employed woman works 38 hours, 6 hours less than a man. However, women heading their own business and those contributing in the family business worked respectively 7.5 hours and 8.2 hours less than their male counterparts. Both female and male were found spending less hours in the agricultural field than in other areas of the labour market. However, women worked 10 hours less than men in that sector. Women worked 8 hours less in public administration, 5 hours less in hotels restaurants and 3 hours less in manufacturing, trade education sectors. Women as well as men tend to work fewer hours at the older age. The difference in hours worked by women and men varies across ages; it increases with age to reach a peak of 8.3 hours at the age group 45 to 49 years, and decreases thereafter. In spite of being fewer in the labour force, women are over represented among the unemployed. Unemployed women numbered 27,300 in 2011 compared to 18,800 men. Female unemployment rate stood at 12.5%, much higher than the rate of 5.2% for male. Unemployment rate is higher among women than men at all ages, except for the elderly. The difference in unemployment rate is more pronounced at the very young age.Among unemployed women with previous work experience, 22% left their last job due to marriage, childbirth and household responsibilities. Another 13% women were unemployed following closure of establishment. The main sectors where the unemployed women worked previously are manufacturing (29%), trade (25%) and hotels and restaurants (10%). On balance, there has been a dramatic change in the occupational and sectoral distribution of the labour market since, with the rising share in the manufacturing, and a declining share in agricultural and domestic service. Employers preference for women because of their natural and culturally defined attributes, as well as their adaptability, productivity and acceptance of lower wages in the past are some of the reasons accounting for the predominance of female labour mostly in the EPZ sector in Mauritius. Despite increase in employment over the last couple decades, we can still see that there still exists gender disparity in the labour market. In addition, with increased occupational opportunities enjoyed by women, they are still faced with the burden of household responsibilities for example, as mentioned above, woman works 38 hours, 6 hours less than a man. This show woman career is still constrained with household occupations. The factors which have promoted labour force are: fertility reduction, increased life expectancy, economic hardships and wider aspirations beyond the confines of family and home. However, the main factors constraining higher participation of female Mauritian in the labour market are resistance by own family members, inability to make arrangement for childcare, housework exigencies, nurturing within the household, reproductive responsibilities and difficulties in managing the interface between home and work. Therefore, women hit a class ceiling as far as the management in concerned. Such is generally the case despite higher academic achievement than men. This secondary role is also reflected in their working conditions and their position in society and family. While the concept of equity and equality should be established in the world of work, women have to be provided with wide opportunities and can be further encouraged to develop their aptitude and potential optimally. Globalization in Mauritius can also be considered as a threat for widening difference between men and women in the labour market and further creating gender inequalities. Trade expansion has increased womens access to labour market, however, it worth pointing out that the vast majority of these jobs are low salary and low-skilled. In the light of existing gender inequalities, a widening gap between men and women in terms of access to economic resources and benefits to be derived from globalization can be foreseen. Mauritian Law protecting against discrimination in workplace The Constitution of Mauritius is regarded as being the supreme Law which clearly protects this philosophy of equality at Chapter 2 Section (3) and (16) which imparts for non discrimination as follows: Section 3 It is hereby recognized and declared that Mauritius there have existed and shall continue to exist without discrimination by reason of race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedom of others and for the public interest each and all of the following human rights and fundamental freedoms. Section 16 Protection from discrimination Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (7)-no law shall make any provision that discriminatory either of itself or in its effect. Subject to subsections (6), (7) and (8)- no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting in the performance of any public function conferred by any law or otherwise in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority. The Government of Mauritius has also passed law to eliminate all forms of Gender Discrimination and sexual harassment in certain areas of public activity under Sex Discrimination Act No. 43 of 2002. This act protects a worker from all forms of inequality in employment related to recruitment, selection, training, on grounds of gender, marital status and family responsibilities. Gap in literature It has thus been seen that gender inequalities is apparent in all societies and many research has been done with the aim of improving the condition of people at work. In Mauritius, however, gender inequality is relatively a concept which is ignored despite many laws exist to eliminate any sort of discrimination. The measures undertaken by the government still remain at initial stage. There exists little research concentrating in the field of gender inequalities in the workplace of Mauritius. The gap in the literature is little because it has focused on only one dimension of gender inequalities. In Mauritius, however, the concept of gender inequalities in the labour market is buried. As a matter of fact, research is urgently required to determine the all the factors leading to occupational gender segregation and also find ways to improve the conditions of employees at work. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Methodology is influenced by the purpose of the study and it is based on the best strategy to respond to the research questions. The objective is to provide insight into the methodologies used as well as into the reasons and pertinence of their use. Research design is a plan as to what data to gather, from whom, how and when, and how to analyze the data obtained. It is a systematic plan to coordinate research steps to ensure the efficient use of resources and to guide the research according to scientific methods; again, it is a plan to be followed to meet the research objectives, and is the framework within which to solve a specific problem. A research design describes a logical manner in which individuals or other units are compared and analyzed; it is the basis for making interpretations of the data. The purpose of a design is to ensure that the relation between independent and dependent variable s is not subject to alternative interpretations. It is the clue that holds all of the elements The project will employ questionnaire to identify the different causes of gender inequality within the workplace. The present research is mainly based on a survey method and the major means of gathering data from a questionnaire. Questionnaire is a medium for collecting and recording information about a topic of interest. It is consists of a list of questions and include clear instructions and space for answers or administrative details. This study will employ a quantitative research method. In this study the data will be collected by the use of self-administered questionnaires. Self- administered questions will be used in order to accurately gather the required survey data from selected respondents to meet the researchers informational objectives, to present as positive an image of market research as possible to the respondents such that they will not feel negative toward the survey but welcome it and future surveys. The questions in the questionnaire describe the situation in which the respondents experienced discrimination and the way in which he believes discrimination took place. Self-administered structured questionnaires are more cost effective to administer than personal interviews. They are relatively easy to administer and analyse. Most people are familiar with the concept of a questionnaire and it reduces the possibility of interviewer bias. They are convenient since respondents can complete it at a time and place that is convenient for them.